1) “Returning Overseas Fighters and Organized Crime in Publish-Ukraine Southeastern Europe” by Fabian Zilla
2) “Gold Provide Chain Opacity and Illicit Actions: Insights from Peru and Kenya” by Nicole M. Smith, Kady Seguin, U. Mete Saka, Sebnem Duzgun, Ashley Smith-Roberts, David Soud and Jenna White
Illicit gold flows represent a significant improvement problem for governments and a social accountability problem for a lot of industries alongside gold provide chains, together with gold refiners and jewellery retailers. This paper highlights features of gold provide chains that lack transparency and will point out junctures the place illicit actions have occurred, leading to a lack of tax and customs income. Utilizing Peru and Kenya as case research nations, we draw from United Nations Comtrade information and qualitative information from area analysis to look at the magnitude of the gold commerce, the varieties in who gold is traded for, discrepancies in reported commerce information, and key buying and selling companions for every nation. We propose that some parts of gold provide chains ought to be given extra consideration, some sorts of gold exports and imports current higher traceability challenges than others, and a few nations play a way more vital position within the commerce world gold. We suggest areas the place additional investigation could also be warranted to make sure extra clear and accountable gold provide chains.